Wood Species Janka Hardness Scale/Chart By Botanical/Scientific Name P

J W Morlan's Unique Wood Gifts Wood/Lumber/Timber Species
Janka Hardness Scale/Chart
By Botanical/Scientific Name

2,204 Woods Listed Alphabetically By Botanical/Scientific Name Over 1,500 Different Botanical/Scientific Names

708 Woods Listed Alphabetically P - Z By Botanical/Scientific Name The World's Top 125 Known Softest Woods Listed In Order Of Softness The World's Top 125 Known Hardest Woods Listed In Order Of Hardness

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Your list is of such tremendous value and so
much work must have gone into it!! I love it!
Frank - South Africa

What a tremendous body of work you have done and a
great service to those of us in wood related industries!
Fred - British Columbia, Canada

ANYWAY, of all the Janka hardness lists I've ever run across,
this one by Johnny Morlan is by far the most comprehensive.
If you can't find the Janka hardness of a wood in this list, you,
probably can't find it anywhere.
Paul - New York

As someone who has attempted on occasion to ascertain the
Janka hardness of various woods, it is almost unimaginable that
you have managed to track down so many woods. So, thanks for
your hard work. I'll just go to your page from now on!
Matt - Maryland

Your Janka hardness chart has been so helpful for researching
and sourcing timbers overseas, we have found many new
varieties we probably wouldn't have considered, I'm in
Australia and some overseas varieties are not common here.
Steve - Australia

Wood Janka Hardness Scale/Chart
By Botanical/Scientific Name 708 Woods Listed Alphabetically P - Z
By Botanical/Scientific Name

Author
Johnny W. Morlan

Copyright Johnny W Morlan
Certain Permissions Are Given Below

A Message From The Author

I created this Janka Hardness Scale/Chart because in my own experiences of searching for the Janka Hardness of different woods it took some time of searching through books, documents, papers and on the WWW to find the information. Also the hardness was different from different sources, the botanical/scientific names were only partially listed, not listed at all or in some instances incorrect. I thought it would be nice to have them all listed in one spot and as correct as possible.

This is an ongoing work in progress! There are already countless hours of research that have gone into the 9 pages to get the results as accurate as possible. I still have several woods to research and add. The world's top 125 known softest and hardest woods lists may have minor changes made to them from time to time. I will be updating the page frequently. I hope the information will be of value and helpful to others.

I give permission to link to this page from other websites and forums. The URL address for this page is http://www.morlanwoodgifts.com/MM011.ASP?pageno=215 If you copy some of the information to put on a website or forum, all that I ask of you is to acknowledge me as the author.

You are more than welcome to use the converters below from pounds of force {lbf} to kilograms of force {kgf}, kilonewtons {kN} and newtons {N}.

Janka Steel Ball Hardness Test For Wood

Janka Hardness Test Wood Indentations

Links To Other Janka Hardness Scale/Chart Pages
Alphabetically Botanical/Scientific Name
Alphabetically Common/Trade Name
Numerically Softest To Hardest

Alphabetically By Botanical/Scientific Name A - D

Alphabetically By Botanical/Scientific Name E - O

Alphabetically By Common/Trade Name A - E

Alphabetically By Common/Trade Name F - M

Alphabetically By Common/Trade Name N - Z

Numerically From Softest To Hardest Up To 1050

Numerically From Softest To Hardest 1051 - 2000

Numerically From Softest To Hardest 2001 - 5100

Wood Hardness Levels

Extremely Soft
Hardness Level Of 1 = Up To 300
Very Soft
Hardness Level Of 2 = 301 - 600
Soft
Hardness Level Of 3 = 601 - 900
Somewhat Hard
Hardness Level Of 4 = 901 - 1200
Hardness Level Of 5 = 1201 - 1500
Moderately Hard
Hardness Level Of 6 = 1501 - 1800
Hardness Level Of 7 = 1801 - 2100
Hard
Hardness Level Of 8 = 2101 - 2400
Hardness Level Of 9 = 2401 - 2700
Very Hard
Hardness Level Of 10 = 2701 - 3000
Hardness Level Of 11 = 3001 - 3300
Real Hard
Hardness Level Of 12 = 3301 - 3600
Hardness Level Of 13 = 3601 - 3900
Extremely Hard
Hardness Level Of 14 = 3901 - 4200
Hardness Level Of 15 = 4201 - 4500
Extraordinarily Hard
Hardness Level Of 16 = 4501 - 4800
Hardness Level Of 17 = 4801 - 5100

Converter: Pounds Of Force To
Kilograms Of Force, Kilonewtons & Newtons

To use converter, type in a number in the top Pounds Force {lbf} box. All numbers are in pounds of force {lbf} on this page. The converted result will automatically appear in the Kilograms Force {kgf} box, Kilonewtons {kN} box and the Newtons {N} box.

Pounds Force {lbf}
Kilograms Force {kgf}
Kilonewtons {kN}
Newtons {N}

Botanical/Scientific Name******Common/Trade Name******Janka Hardness In Pounds Of Force {lbf}

******Pa - Parkia pendula******
28

{Pachypodanthium staudtii} Aniouketi 1660
{Palaquium philippense} Mayang 1020
{Palaquium philippense} Nyatoh - Mayang 1020
{Panopsis rubellens} Leopardwood - Lacewood 840
{Parahancornia amapa} Amapa 1190
{Parapiptadenia excelsa} Cebil Blanco 2680
{Parapiptadenia excelsa} Chari 2680
{Parapiptadenia rigida} Angico 3000
{Parapiptadenia rigida} Anchico Colorado 3000
{Parashorea lucida} Gerutu 1000
{Parashorea malaanonan} Seraya White 830
{Paratecoma peroba} Peroba De Campos 1600
{Paratecoma peroba} Peroba White 1600
{Parinari campestris} Beherada 1660
{Parinari excelsa} Afam 1720
{Parinari excelsa} Sougue 1720
{Parinari goetzeniana} Nganga 1660
{Parinari rodolphii} Burada 1830
{Parinari rodolphii} Foengoe 1830
{Parkia bicolor} Asoma 660
{Parkia bicolor} Essang 660
{Parkia gigantocarpa} Fava Bolota 530
{Parkia javanica} Aripa 1000
{Parkia javanica} Kupang 1000
{Parkia multijuga} Faveira 900
{Parkia pendula} Acacia Male 930
{Parkia pendula} Angelim Saia 930
{Parkia pendula} Manariballi Swamp 930

******Patagonula americana - Persea caerulea******
29
{Patagonula americana} Guajayvi 1810
{Patagonula americana} Guayaibi 1810
{Paulownia elongata} Kiri 290
{Paulownia elongata} Paulownia 290
{Peltogyne confertiflora} Coataquicaua 3820
{Peltogyne confertiflora} Pau Roxo 3820
{Peltogyne mexicana} Nazareno 2810
{Peltogyne paniculata} Amaranth South American 2710
{Peltogyne paniculata} Purpleheart South American 2710
{Peltogyne paniculata} Violetwood - Purpleheart South American 2710
{Peltogyne porphyrocardia} Purpleheart Latin American 2430
{Peltogyne pubescens} Koroboreli 3780
{Peltogyne subsessilis} Roxinho 2870
{Peltogyne venosa} Purpleheart Central American 2030
{Peltophorum dasyrachis} Batai Yellow 950
{Peltophorum dasyrachis} Hoang Linh 950
{Pentace burmanica} Thitka 1120
{Pentaclethra macroloba} Apara 1660
{Pentaclethra macrophylla} Ataa 2580
{Pentadesma butyracea} Butter Tree 1800
{Pentadesma butyracea} Tallow Tree 1800
{Pericopsis angolensis} Afrormosia East African 2390
{Pericopsis angolensis} Gambo 2390
{Pericopsis elata} Afromosia 1560
{Pericopsis mooniana} Kayu Kuku 1560
{Pericopsis mooniana} Nandu Wood 1560
{Persea americana} Avocado 990
{Persea americana} Canela Rosa 990
{Persea caerulea} Aguacatillo 990

******Persea lingue - Pinus clausa******
30
{Persea lingue} Lingue 940
{Persea schiedeana} Coyo 820
{Persea schiedeana} Yas 820
{Persen veraguasensis} Sigua Carano 430
{Petersianthus macrocarpus} Abale 2180
{Petersianthus macrocarpus} Stinkwood 2180
{Phoebe porosa} Imbuia 950
{Phoebe porosa} Walnut Brazilian 950
{Phyllanthus discoideus} Adjansi 1690
{Phyllanthus discoideus} Makarara 1690
{Phyllocladus rhomboidalis} Pine Celery Top 980
{Phyllostachys pubescens} Bamboo Moso 1370
{Phyllostylon brasiliensis} Baitoa 2740
{Phyllostylon brasiliensis} Boxwood San Domingo - Baitoa 2740
{Phyllostylon rhamnoides} Boxwood San Domingo 2860
{Phyllostylon rhamnoides} Cuta 2860
{Phyllostylon rhamnoides} Palo Lanza 2860
{Picea abies} Pine Baltic White 420
{Picea abies} Spruce European 420
{Picea engelmanni} Spruce Engelmann 390
{Picea glauca} Spruce White 480
{Picea lutzii} Spruce Kermodie - Hybrid {Picea glauca} - {Picea sitchensis} 500
{Picea lutzii} Spruce Lutz - Hybrid {Picea glauca} - {Picea sitchensis} 500
{Picea mariana} Spruce Black 520
{Picea rubra} Spruce Red 490
{Picea sitchensis} Spruce Sitka 510
{Pinus banksiana} Pine Jack 570
{Pinus caribaea} Pine Caribbean 1240
{Pinus caribaea} Pine Honduras Pitch 1240
{Pinus clausa} Pine Sand 730

******Pinus contorta - Pinus strobus******
28
{Pinus contorta} Pine Lodgepole 480
{Pinus echinata} Pine Southern Yellow Shortleaf 690
{Pinus edulis} Pine Pinyon 860
{Pinus elliottii} Pine Slash 760
{Pinus flexilis} Pine Limber 430
{Pinus glabra} Pine Spruce 660
{Pinus insularis} Pine Benguet 600
{Pinus jeffreyi} Pine Jeffrey 500
{Pinus kesiya} Pine Khasya 720
{Pinus lambertiana} Pine Sugar 380
{Pinus merkusii} Pine Merkus 620
{Pinus monticola} Pine Western White 420
{Pinus nigra} Pine Austrian Black 660
{Pinus oocarpa} Pine Ocote 910
{Pinus palustris} Pine Antique Heart 1200
{Pinus palustris} Pine New Heart 870
{Pinus palustris} Pine Southern Yellow Longleaf 870
{Pinus patula} Pine Jelecote 580
{Pinus pinaster} Pine Maritime 610
{Pinus ponderosa} Pine Ponderosa 460
{Pinus pungens} Pine Table Mountain 660
{Pinus radiata} Pine Monterey 750
{Pinus radiata} Pine Radiata 750
{Pinus resinosa} Pine Red 560
{Pinus rigida} Pine Pitch 620
{Pinus serotina} Pine Pond 740
{Pinus strobus} Pine Eastern White 380
{Pinus strobus} Pine Pumpkin 380

******Pinus sylvestris - Platanus hybrida******
25
{Pinus sylvestris} Pine Scots 660
{Pinus sylvestris} Red Deal 660
{Pinus taeda} Pine Southern Yellow Loblolly 690
{Pinus virginiana} Pine Scrub 740
{Pinus virginiana} Pine Virginia 740
{Piptadenia gonoacantha} Angico Jacare 1620
{Piptadenia pittieri} Carbonero 1610
{Piptadenia suaveolens} Timborana 1570
{Piptadeniastrum africanum} Dahoma 1540
{Piratinera guianensis} Leopardwood - Snakewood 3800
{Piratinera guianensis} Snakewood 3800
{Piscidia communis} Alejo 2630
{Piscidia communis} Jabin - Alejo 2630
{Piscidia grandifolia} Zopilote 1880
{Piscidia piscipula} Dogwood Jamaican 2630
{Piscidia piscipula} Fish Poison Wood 2630
{Piscidia piscipula} Jabin - Fish Poison Wood 2630
{Pisonia zapallo} Catclaw 370
{Pistacia vera} Pistachio 1930
{Placodiscus pseudostipularis} Akye Paradakue 3990
{Planchonella australis} Apple Black 1980
{Planchonella euphlebia} Boxwood Hickory Australian 3220
{Planchonella euphlebia} Nyatoh - Boxwood Hickory Australian 3220
{Planchonia papuana} Putat Paya 1350
{Platanus hybrida} Plane European 940

******Planchonia papuana - Platanus occidentalis******
27

{Platanus occidentalis} Sycamore American 770
{Platymiscium dimorphandrun} Hormigo - Light - Medium Brown - 1390
{Platymiscium dimorphandrum} Hormigo Negro - Dark Reddish Brown - Brownish Black - 1390
{Platymiscium dimorphandrum} Hormigo Rojo - Light - Dark Red - 1390
{Platymiscium fragrans} Tarara Colorado 2100
{Platymiscium pinnatum} Macacauba 3010
{Platymiscium pinnatum} Redwood Panama 3010
{Platymiscium pinnatum} Yama Cocobolo 3010
{Platymiscium ulei} Trebol Guayacan 2410
{Platymiscium yucatanum} Coyote 2450
{Platymiscium yucatanum} Granadillo - Coyote 2450
{Platymiscium yucatanum} Macawood 2450
{Platymiscium yucatanum} Trebol 2450
{Podocarpus dacrydioides} Kahikatea 590
{Podocarpus dacrydioides} Pine New Zealand White 590
{Podocarpus ensiculus} Podocarpus African 660
{Podocarpus gracilior} Yellowwood East African 740
{Podocarpus guatemalensis} Yellowwood British Honduras 860
{Podocarpus imbricatus} Igem 920
{Podocarpus latifolius} Yellowwood Real 1360
{Podocarpus neriifolia} Podo 1100
{Podocarpus parlatorei} Manio 1000
{Podocarpus spicatus} Pine New Zealand Black 1000
{Podocarpus totara} Totara 520
{Poga oleosa} Ovoga 660
{Polyalthia fragans} Nedunar 700
{Polyalthia oblongifolia} Lacewood Yellow 890

******Polyscias ferruginea - Prosopis africana******
31

{Polyscias ferruginea} Lunga 320
{Pometia pinnata} Akwa 1460
{Pometia pinnata} Taun 1460
{Pometia tomentosa} Kasai 1590
{Populus alba} Poplar White 410
{Populus balsamifera} Cottonwood 300
{Populus balsamifera} Poplar Balsam 300
{Populus ciliata} Poplar Bangikat 430
{Populus deltoides} Cottonwood Eastern 430
{Populus deltoides} Poplar 430
{Populus grandidentata} Aspen Bigtooth 420
{Populus tremula} Aspen European 380
{Populus tremuloides} Aspen Quaking 350
{Populus trichocarpa} Cottonwood Black 350
{Poulsenia armata} Mastate 360
{Pouteria altissima} Mukangu 1250
{Pouteria anomala} Rosadinho 3220
{Pouteria caimito} Abiurana Da Mata 2890
{Pouteria egregia} Abiu Pitomba 3260
{Pouteria guianensis} Abiurana Abiu 2650
{Pouteria izabalensis} Selillon 1610
{Pouteria oblanceolata} Tuturuba 2970
{Pouteria obscura} Maragoncalo 2260
{Pouteria pomifera} Acana 2380
{Pouteria pomifera} Siguapa 2380
{Pradosia grisebachii} Chupon 1880
{Prioria copaifera} Cativo 630
{Prosopis alba} Algarrobo White 1700
{Prosopis africana} Guele 2940
{Prosopis africana} Ironwood - Guele 2940
{Prosopis africana} Mesquite African 2940

******Prosopis chilensis - Pseudosamanea guachapele******
30
{Prosopis chilensis} Mesquite Chilean 2360
{Prosopis glandulosa} Ironwood - Mesquite Honey 2340
{Prosopis glandulosa} Ironwood Texas 2340
{Prosopis glandulosa} Mesquite Honey 2340
{Prosopis juliflora} Algarrobo 2940
{Prosopis juliflora} Ironwood - Algarrobo 2940
{Prosopis kuntzei} Caranda} 3200
{Prosopis kuntzei} Itin 3200
{Prosopis nigra} Algarrobo Black 1940
{Prosopis pallida} Kiawe 3020
{Prosopis pallida} Mesquite Hawaiian 3020
{Prosopis pubescens} Mesquite Screwbean 2340
{Prosopis pubescens} Tornillo 2340
{Prosopis tamarugo} Tamarugo 3100
{Protium carnosum} Isigo Blanco 730
{Protium decandrum} Incense Tree 1090
{Protium heptaphyllum} Breu 1000
{Protium paraense} Kurokai 1000
{Protium sagotianum} Copal 1000
{Protium tenuifolium} Breu Preto 2020
{Protomegabaria stapfiana} Agyahere 1520
{Prumnopitys taxifolia} Matai New Zealand 760
{Prumnopitys taxifolia} Pine Black 760
{Prunus avium} Cherry European 1020
{Prunus dulcis} Almond 1700
{Prunus serotina} Cherry Black 950
{Pseudobombax septenatum} Barrigon 95
{Pseudolmedia laevigata} Ojoso Colorado 1570
{Pseudosamanea guachapele} Frijolillo 1040
{Pseudosamanea guachapele} Guachapele 1040

******Pseudosindora palustris - Pterocarpus indicus******
28
{Pseudosindora palustris} Sepetir 1290
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas United States Coast 710
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas United States North Interior 600
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas United States South Interior 510
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas United States West Interior 660
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas Australian Grown 700
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas Canadian Grown 670
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas Canadian Coast Grown 720
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas Great Britain Grown 760
{Pseudotsuga menziesii} Fir Douglas New Zealand Grown 740
{Psidium guajava} Guava 2320
{Ptaeroxylon obliquum} Nieshout 3080
{Ptaeroxylon obliquum} Sneezewood 3080
{Pterocarpus angolensis} Kiaat 1480
{Pterocarpus angolensis} Muninga 1480
{Pterocarpus antunesii} Chi Viri 2940
{Pterocarpus dalbergioides} Padauk Andaman 1630
{Pterocarpus dalbergioides} Redwood Andaman 1630
{Pterocarpus dalbergioides} Vermillion 1630
{Pterocarpus indicus} Amboyna 1200
{Pterocarpus indicus} Mahogany Rose 1060
{Pterocarpus indicus} Narra Bee's Wing 1200
{Pterocarpus indicus} Narra Red 1350
{Pterocarpus indicus} Narra Yellow 1060
{Pterocarpus indicus} Narra - Amboyna 1200
{Pterocarpus indicus} Narra - Mahogany Rose 1060
{Pterocarpus indicus} Narra - Rosewood PNG Papua New Guniea 1060
{Pterocarpus indicus} Rosewood PNG Papua New Guniea 1060

******Pterocarpus lucens******
28
{Pterocarpus lucens} Barwood 2040
{Pterocarpus macrocarpus} Padauk Burma 2170
{Pterocarpus macrocarpus} Pradoo 2170
{Pterocarpus officinalis} Bambulo 660
{Pterocarpus santalinus} Algum - Sandalwood Red 2940
{Pterocarpus santalinus} Almug - Sandalwood Red 2940
{Pterocarpus santalinus} Kouki 2940
{Pterocarpus santalinus} Sandalwood Red 2940
{Pterocarpus santalinus} Sanders Red 2940
{Pterocarpus santalinus} Zitan 2940
{Pterocarpus soyauxii} Coralwood African 1720
{Pterocarpus soyauxii} Padauk African 1720
{Pterocarpus vernalis} Sangre 1300
{Pterocymbium beccarii} Amberoi 350
{Pterygota bequaertii} Pterygota African 1930
{Pterygota horsfieldii} Oak White PNG Papa New Guinea 1350
{Pterogyne nitens} Amendoim 1910
{Pterogyne nitens} Pau Fava 1910
{Pterogyne nitens} Ybyraro 1910
{Pterygota macrocarpa} Koto 940
{Pterygota macrocarpa} Pterygota 940
{Pycnanthus angolensis} Ilomba 610
{Pygeum africanum} Ironwood - Plum African 1860
{Pygeum africanum} Mueri 1860
{Pygeum africanum} Plum African 1860
{Pygeum africanum} Stinkwood Red 1860
{Pyrus communis} Pear 1660
{Pyrus communis} Pear European 1660

******Qualea albiflora - Quercus lyrata******
22
{Qualea albiflora} Mandioqueira Aspera 1570
{Qualea brevipedicellata} Quarubatinga 2480
{Qualea cymulosa} Gorgojo 1280
{Qualea paraensis} Cambara Macho 1320
{Qualea paraensis} Mandioqueira 1320
{Qualea rosea} Gronfoeloe 1060
{Quararibea cordata} Chupa Chupa 600
{Quercus alba} Oak White - White Oak Family 1360
{Quercus bicolor} Oak Swamp White - White Oak Family 1620
{Quercus coccinea} Oak Scarlet - Red Oak Family 1400
{Quercus costaricensis} Oak Costa Rican - Red Oak Family 1570
{Quercus eugeniifolia} Oak Eugenialike- Red Oak Family 2170
{Quercus falcata} Oak Southern Red - Red Oak Family 1060
{Quercus falcata} Oak Spanish - Red Oak Family 1060
{Quercus garryana} Oak Garry - White Oak Family 1620
{Quercus garryana} Oak Oregon White - White Oak Family 1620
{Quercus ilex} Oak Holly - Live Oak Family 1760
{Quercus ilex} Oak Holm - Live Oak Family 1760
{Quercus kelloggii} Oak California Black - Red Oak Family 1080
{Quercus laurifolia} Oak Laurel - Red Oak Family 1210
{Quercus lobata} Oak Valley - White Oak Family 1360
{Quercus lyrata} Oak Overcup - White Oak Family 1190

******Quercus macrocarpa******
19
{Quercus macrocarpa} Oak Bur - White Oak Family 1370
{Quercus michauxii} Oak Swamp Chestnut - White Oak Family 1240
{Quercus nigra} Oak Water - Red Oak Family 1190
{Quercus pagoda} Oak Cherrybark - Red Oak Family 1480
{Quercus palustris} Oak Pin - Red Oak Family 1510
{Quercus petraea} Oak Sessile - White Oak Family 1120
{Quercus petraea} Oak Spessart - White Oak Family 1120
{Quercus phellos} Oak Willow - Red Oak Family 1460
{Quercus prinus} Oak Chestnut - White Oak Family 1130
{Quercus robur} Oak English - White Oak Family 1120
{Quercus robur} Oak English Brown - White Oak Family 1120
{Quercus robur} Oak European - White Oak Family 1120
{Quercus rubra} Oak Northern Red - Red Oak Family 1290
{Quercus stellata} Oak Post - White Oak Family 1360
{Quercus suber} Oak Cork - Wood - Live Oak Family 2130
Note: Only wood from trees that are
not being used in cork production
{Quercus suber} Oak Cork - The Bark - Live Oak Family 200
Actually made into and sold for flooring
{Quercus velutina} Oak Black - Red Oak Family 1210
{Quercus virginiana} Oak Live - Live Oak Family 2680
{Quercus virginiana} Oak Southern Live - Live Oak Family 2680

******R******
19

{Rapanea laetevirens} Badula 930
{Rapanea laetevirens} Yuruma 930
{Rapanea melanophloeos} Beech Cape 1590
{Rhamnus cathartica} Buckthorn Common 1040
{Rhamnus frangula} Buckthorn Glossy European 1120
{Rhamnus purshiana} Buckthorn Cascara 1040
{Rhizophora apiculata} Mangrove Asiatic 2940
{Rhizophora mangle} Mangrove Red 2760
{Rhodognaphalon brevicuspe} Kondroti 1020
{Rhodognaphalon schumannianum} Bombax East African 450
{Rhus typhina} Sumac Staghorn 680
{Ricinodendron heudelotii} Corkwood Tree 210
{Ricinodendron heudelotii} Nut Tree African 210
{Robinia pseudoacacia} Locust Black 1710
{Robinia pseudoacacia} Robinia 1710
{Rollinia exsucca} Embira 1190
{Roupala brasiliensis} Lacewood Brazilian 840
{Roupala montana} Louro Faia 2150
{Ruprechtia laxiflora} Viraro 1500

Converter: Pounds Of Force To
Kilograms Of Force, Kilonewtons & Newtons

To use converter, type in a number in the top Pounds Force {lbf} box. All numbers are in pounds of force {lbf} on this page. The converted result will automatically appear in the Kilograms Force {kgf} box, Kilonewtons {kN} box and the Newtons {N} box.

******Sa - Schizolobium amazonicum******
32

{Sacoglottis gabonensis} Akouapo 2250
{Sacoglottis guianensis} Paruru 2210
{Sacoglottis guianensis} Uchi Torrado 2210
{Salix alba} Willow White 570
{Salix alba var. caerulea} Willow Cricket Bat 580
{Salix fragilis} Willow Crack 640
{Salix nigra} Willow Black 360
{Samanea pedicellaris} Cameron 1940
{Samanea saman} Monkey Pod 850
{Samanea saman} Rain Tree 850
{Samanea saman} Saman 850
{Sambucus cerulea} Elder Blue 840
{Santalum album} Sandalwood 1680
{Sapium aereum} Leiteiro 610
{Sapium baccatum} Adamsali 320
{Sapium insigne} Curupi 690
{Sapium jermanni} Lechero 700
{Sapium marmieri} Burra Leiteira 520
{Sassafras albidum} Sassafras 630
{Schefflera morototoni} Morototo Da Mata 1080
{Schima wallichii} Needlewood 1240
{Schinopsis balansae} Barauna - Quebracho Colorado 4250
{Schinopsis balansae } Ironwood - Quebracho Colorado - Barauna 4250
{Schinopsis balansae} Quebracho Colorado - Barauna 4250
{Schinopsis brasiliensis} Ironwood - Quebracho Colorado - Soto 4800
{Schinopsis brasiliensis} Quebracho Colorado - Soto 4800
{Schinopsis brasiliensis} Soto - Quebracho Colorado } 4800
{Schinopsis lorentzii} Ironwood - Quebracho Colorado - Paag 4700
{Schinopsis lorentzii} Paag - Quebracho Colorado 4700
{Schinopsis lorentzii} Quebracho Colorado - Paag 4700
{Schinziophyton rautanenii} Featherweight Tree 140
{Schizolobium amazonicum} Pinho Cuiabano 1010

******Schizolobium parahybum - Shorea hopeifolia******
34
{Schizolobium parahybum} Brazilian Fire Tree 450
{Schizolobium parahybum} Pashaco 450
{Schizolobium parahybum} Serebo 450
{Schizolobium parahybum} Tower Tree 450
{Schizomeria ovata} Birch White Australian 1010
{Schizomeria serrata} Birch Pink Australian 1120
{Sclerocarya birrea} Marula 1000
{Sclerolobium albiflorum} Djedoe 700
{Sclerolobium albiflorum} Yawaredan 700
{Sclerolobium chrysophyllum} Taxi Pitomba 1720
{Sclerolobium paraense} Taxi Preto 2410
{Scorodocarpus borneensis} Kulim 1370
{Scottellia coriacea} Koroko 1140
{Scottellia coriacea} Odoko 1140
{Scyphocephalium mannii} Akuma 1130
{Scytopetalium tieghemii} Am Bibia 1640
{Scytopetalium tieghemii} Moussanghoue 1640
{Scytopetalium tieghemii} Sourwood 1640
{Sequoia sempervirens} Redwood Old Growth 480
{Sequoia sempervirens} Redwood Second Growth 420
{Serianthes myriadenia} Vaivai 870
{Sextonia rubra} Determa 660
{Sextonia rubra} Louro Red 660
{Sextonia rubra} Louro Vermelho 660
{Sextonia rubra} Wane 660
{Shorea acuminatissima} Seraya Yellow 730
{Shorea assamica} Meranti White - Lauan 1020
{Shorea contorta} Lauan White 700
{Shorea dasyphylla} Meranti Batu 630
{Shorea faguetiana} Meranti Yellow 770
{Shorea gibbosa} Meranti Kuning 820
{Shorea guiso} Balau 1560
{Shorea hemsleyana} Meranti Dark Red 780
{Shorea hopeifolia} Seraya Kuning Jantan 770

******Shorea javanica - Spondianthus preussii******
33
{Shorea javanica} Meranti White 1140
{Shorea kunstleri} Amang Besi 1990
{Shorea laevis} Balau Yellow 1800
{Shorea laevis} Bangkirai 1800
{Shorea laevis} Ironwood Java 1800
{Shorea leptoclados} Lauan Light Red 510
{Shorea macrophylla} Engkebang Nut 340
{Shorea macrophylla} Meranti Light Red - Engkebang Nut 340
{Shorea negrosensis} Lauan Dark Red 680
{Shorea parvifolia} Meranti Light Red 460
{Shorea pauciflora} Seraya Dark Red 780
{Shorea plagata} Balau Red 1560
{Shorea polysperma} Abahungon 1000
{Shorea robusta} Aswakarna 2080
{Shorea siamensis} Burma Sal 2470
{Shorea smithiana} Seraya Light Red 540
{Shorea squamata} Mayapis 590
{Shorea superba} Selangan Batu Daun Halus 1280
{Shorea waltonii} Seraya Kelabu 490
{Sickingia salvadorensis} Chakte Kok 1200
{Sickingia salvadorensis} Redheart - Chakte Kok 1200
{Simarouba amara} Marupa 440
{Simarouba amara} Simarouba 440
{Simarouba amara} Xpasak 440
{Simarouba glauca} Aceituno 840
{Sindora javanica} Sepetir - Sindur 1530
{Sloanea ligulata} Burrwood 1390
{Sloanea ligulata} Vaca 1390
{Sloanea nitida} Urucurana 3720
{Sloanea obtusifolia} Sapopema 880
{Spirostachys africana} Sandalwood African 2940
{Spirostachys africana} Tambootie 2940
{Spondianthus preussii} Bu En Waye 1720

******Spondias mombin - Swartzia jorori******
35
{Spondias mombin} Jobo 420
{Spondias mombin} Mombin Yellow 420
{Spondias mombin} Plum Hog 420
{Spondias mombin} Ubos 420
{Stachyothyrsus stapfiana} Pine Red African 1720
{Staudtia stipitata} Niove 2680
{Sterculia apeibophylla} Axixa 920
{Sterculia apetala} Chicha 400
{Sterculia ceramica} Malakalumpang 300
{Sterculia conwentzii} Sterculia New Guinea 250
{Sterculia oblonga} Sterculia Yellow 1120
{Sterculia pilosa} Xixa 1400
{Sterculia pruriens} Capote 790
{Sterculia pruriens} Sterculia 790
{Sterculia quinqueloba} Plane Tree Egyptian 1340
{Sterculia rhinopetala} Sterculia Brown 1810
{Sterculia vitiensis} Sterculia Fijian 370
{Sterculia vitiensis} Waciwaci 370
{Stereospermum chelonoides} Atcapali 1660
{Strephonema pseudocola} Aweruku 1660
{Strombosia glaucescens} Afina 2780
{Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum} Fava Branca 1640
{Styphnolobium japonicum} Pagoda Tree Japanese 1600
{Styphnolobium japonicum} Scholar Tree Chinese 1600
{Swartzia bannia} Bannia 3620
{Swartzia bannia} Ironwood - Bannia 3620
{Swartzia benthamiana} Coracao De Negro 3620
{Swartzia benthamiana} Coracao De Negro - Wamara 3620
{Swartzia benthamiana} Ironwood - Coracao De Negro 3620
{Swartzia benthamiana} Wamara - Coracao De Negro 3620
{Swartzia cubensis} Ebony Mexican 3620
{Swartzia cubensis} Ironwood - Katalox 3620
{Swartzia cubensis} Katalox 3620
{Swartzia cubensis} Wamara - Katalox 3620
{Swartzia jorori} Jorori 1000

******Swartzia leiocalycina******
35
{Swartzia leiocalycina} Awartu 3690
{Swartzia leiocalycina} Clubwood 3690
{Swartzia leiocalycina} Ironwood - Clubwood 3690
{Swartzia recurva} Ironwood - Muirajiboia Amarela 2830
{Swartzia recurva} Muirajiboia Amarela 2830
{Swartzia tomentosa} Ebony Brazilian 3690
{Swartzia tomentosa} Ironwood - Ebony Brazilian 3690
{Swartzia tomentosa} Wamara - Ebony Brazilian 3690
{Sweetia panamensis} Billy Webb 2670
{Sweetia panamensis} Chestnut Southern 2670
{Swietenia macrophylla} Caoba 800
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran 800
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - Brazilian Grown 970
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - British Honduran Grown 700
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - Central American Grown 760
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - Fijian Plantation Grown 800
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - Honduran Plantation Grown 1020
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - Mexico Grown 740
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - Nicaraguan Grown 780
{Swietenia macrophylla} Mahogany Honduran - Peruvian Grown 930
{Swietenia macrophylla} Palo Zopilote 800
{Swietenia mahagoni} Mahogany Cuban 1100
{Swietenia mahagoni} Mahogany West Indies 1100
{Swintonia spicifera} Merpau 1660
{Symphonia gabonensis} Hog Wood 970
{Symphonia globulifera} Chewstick 1120
{Symphonia globulifera} Leche Maria 1120
{Symphonia globulifera} Manni 1120
{Syncarpia glomulifera} Turpentine 2750
{Syncarpia hillii} Satinay 1870
{Syzygium buettnerianum} Gum Water 1730
{Syzygium buettnerianum} Satinash 1730
{Syzygium cuminii} Jambul 1420
{Syzygium guineense} Waterberry 990
{Syzygium jambosoides} Apple Variegated 1480

******Ta - Terminalia amazonia******
22

{Tabebuia insignis} Cedar White 1280
{Tabebuia rosea} Roble 960
{Tachigali cavipes} Taxi Branco 1020
{Tachigali multijuga} Ziquita 1310
{Tachigali myrmecophila} Taxi 940
{Talisia esculenta} Pitomba 1430
{Tamarindus indica} Tamarind 3000
{Tamarix aphylla} Pine Athel 750
{Tamarix aphylla} Tamarisk Athel 750
{Tapirira guianensis} Piojo 720
{Taralea opposisitolia} Cumarurana 3590
{Tarrietia sylvatica} Dungon 2850
{Tarrietia sylvatica} Mascalwood 2850
{Tarrietia utilis} Niangon 1100
{Taxcodium distichum} Cypress Bald 570
{Taxus baccata} Yew Common 1520
{Taxus baccata} Yew European 1520
{Taxus brevifolia} Yew Pacific 1600 - World's Hardest Coniferous {Softwood}
{Tectona grandis} Teak 1070
{Terminalia aemula} Biress 1660
{Terminalia amazonia} Almendro 1850
{Terminalia amazonia} Nargusta 1850

******Terminalia argentea - Terminalia tomentosa******
23

{Terminalia argentea} Cachaporra Do Gentio 3470
{Terminalia argentea} Ichisojo 3470
{Terminalia argentea} Verdolago - Ichisojo 3470
{Terminalia bialata} Chuglam White 1190
{Terminalia brassii} Dafo 630
{Terminalia brassii} TerminalIa Brown 630
{Terminalia guyanensis} Broadleaf 1050
{Terminalia guyanensis} Volador 1050
{Terminalia ivorensis} Afara Black - Idigbo 840
{Terminalia ivorensis} Emeri 840
{Terminalia ivorensis} Idigbo 840
{Terminalia oblonga} Almond Peruvian 1690
{Terminalia oblonga} Guayabon 1690
{Terminalia oblonga} Yacushapana 1690
{Terminalia procera} Bombay White 1070
{Terminalia superba} Afara Black - Dark 730
{Terminalia superba} Afara White - Light 730
{Terminalia superba} Korina Black - Dark 730
{Terminalia superba} Korina White - Light 730
{Terminalia superba} Limba Black - Dark 730
{Terminalia superba} Limba White - Light 730
{Terminalia superba} Ofram 730
{Terminalia tomentosa} Laurel Indian 2220

******Tetraberlinia bifoliolata - Timonius wallichianus******
22
{Tetraberlinia bifoliolata} Akaba 990
{Tetraberlinia tubmaniana} Ekop - Gola 910
{Tetraberlinia tubmaniana} Gola 910
{Tetragastris altissima} Sali 1970
{Tetragastris balsamifera} Masa 1970
{Tetragastris panamensis} Barrote 3050
{Tetrameles nudiflora} Thitpok 290
{Tetramerista glabra} Punah 910
{Tetrorchidium didymostemon} Kotiem Bredue 800
{Thuja occidentalis} Cedar White Northern 320
{Thuja plicata} Arborvitae 350
{Thuja plicata} Cedar Red Western 350
{Tieghemella africana} Douka 1110
{Tieghemella heckelii} Baku 1110
{Tieghemella heckelii} Cherry African 1110
{Tieghemella heckelii} Makore 1110
{Tilia americana} Basswood American 410
{Tilia americana} Lime American 410
{Tilia americana} Linden American 410
{Tilia vulgaris} Lime European 700
{Tilia vulgaris} Linden 700
{Timonius wallichianus} Berombong 1000

******Tipuana tipu******
24
{Tipuana tipu} Racehorse Tree 1530
{Tipuana tipu} Tipu 1530
{Toona australis} Cedar Australian Red 790
{Toona ciliata} Mahogany Indian 820
{Trachylobium verrucosum} Copal East African 2940
{Trattinnickia burseraefolia} Amescla 1150
{Trewia nudiflora} Gota Gamar 660
{Trichilia lecointei} Pracuuba Da Terra Firme 2940
{Trichilia monadelpha} Banayi 630
{Trichoscypha arborea} Dao 2010
{Triplaris surinamensis} Mierenhout 1440
{Triplochiton scleroxylon} Obeche 430
{Triplochiton scleroxylon} Samba 430
{Triplochiton scleroxylon} Wawa 430
{Triplochiton scleroxylon} Whitewood African 430
{Tristaniopsis decorticata} Malabayabas 4260
{Tristaniopsis decorticata} Tiga 4260
{Tristania suaveolens} Box Swamp 2020
{Trophis racemosa} Morillo 770
{Trophis racemosa} Ramon 770
{Tsuga canadensis} Hemlock Eastern 500
{Tsuga heterophylla} Hemlock Western 540
{Tsuga mertensiana} Hemlock Mountain 680
{Turraeanthus africanus} Avodire 1080

******U******
26
{Uapaca guineensis} Abo 990
{Uapaca guineensis} Kontan 990
{Ulmus alata} Elm Winged 1540
{Ulmus americana} Elm American White 830
{Ulmus americana} Elm White 830
{Ulmus campestris} Elm European 800
{Ulmus crassifolia} Elm Cedar 1320
{Ulmus glabra} Elm Wych 990
{Ulmus hollandica} Elm Dutch 850
{Ulmus hollandica} Ulme 850
{Ulmus laevis} Elm European White 1260
{Ulmus laevis} Elm Russian 1260
{Ulmus mexicana} Elm Mexican 1190
{Ulmus parvifolia} Elm Chinese 1400
{Ulmus parvifolia} Elm Lacebark 1400
{Ulmus parvifolia} Elm Purple 1400
{Ulmus procera} Elm Atinian 800
{Ulmus procera} Elm English 800
{Ulmus pumila} Elm Siberian 880
{Ulmus rubra} Elm Red 860
{Ulmus rubra} Elm Slippery 860
{Ulmus thomasii} Elm Rock 1320
{Umbellularia californica} Laurel Bay 1270
{Umbellularia californica} Laurel California 1270
{Umbellularia californica} Myrtle Oregon 1270
{Umbellularia californica} Myrtlewood 1270

******Va - Virola surinamensis******
18
{Vantanea parviflora} Uxirana 3470
{Vatairea guianensis} Faveira Amargosa 1650
{Vatairea lundellii} Angelim Bitter 1420
{Vatairea lundellii} Bitterwood 1420
{Vatairea lundellii} Saddlewood 1420
{Vatairea sericea} Angelim Amargoso 1720
{Vatica cinerea} Charamas Tuk 2800
{Vatica rassak} Resak 1550
{Vatica stapfiana} Landak 1660
{Vepris lanceolata} Ironwood White 2500
{Vepris lanceolata} Maroogoo 2500
{Virola bicuhyba} Arvore Do Sebo 1000
{Virola koschnyi} Banak 510
{Virola michelii} Virola 1480
{Virola multicostata} Ucuuba 720
{Virola sebífera} Baboen 480
{Virola surinamensis} Baboonwood 540
{Virola surinamensis} Virola - Baboonwood 540

******Vitex cofassus******
20
{Vitex cofassus} Teak New Guinea 1260
{Vitex cymosa} Pechiche 1160
{Vitex doniana} Oak Meru 680
{Vitex doniana} Vitex 680
{Vitex gaumeri} Aceituno - Fiddlewood 1160
{Vitex gaumeri} Fiddlewood 1160
{Vitex kuylenii} Flor Azul 960
{Vitex oxycuspis} Mano Bugidi 1110
{Vitex parviflora} Molave 1250
{Vochysia ferruginea} Cambara 940
{Vochysia guatemalensis} San Juan Peludo 520
{Vochysia guianensis} San Juan Rojo 780
{Vochysia hondurensis} Yemeri 600
{Vochysia lanceolta} Guaruba 1000
{Vochysia lehmanni} Quaruba 590
{Vochysia maxima} Quaruba Cedro 1230
{Vochysia tetraphylla} Cedre Gris 1000
{Vouacapoua americana} Acapu 1730
{Vouacapoua americana} Partridge Wood - Wacapou 1730
{Vouacapoua americana} Wacapou 1730

******W******
3
{Weinmannia pinnata} Bastard Briziletto 1400
{Weinmannia trichosperma} Tineo 1000
{Wrightia tomentosa} Atkuri 1000

******X******
15
{Xanthophyllum excelsum} Bok Bok 1740
{Xanthophyllum papuanum} Boxwood New Guinea 1640
{Xanthostemon melanoxylon} Blackwood Solomon 4370
{Xanthostemon melanoxylon} Ebony Queen 4370
{Xanthostemon melanoxylon} Tubi 4370
{Xanthostemon verdugonianus} Ironwood Philippine 4450
{Xanthostemon verdugonianus} Lignum Vitae Philippine 4450
{Xanthostemon verdugonianus} Mancono 4450
{Xylia xylocarpa} Ironwood Burma 2250
{Xylia xylocarpa} Pyinkado 2250
{Xylia xylocarpa} Xylia Lace 2250
{Xylopia aethiopica} Pepper African 460
{Xylopia quintasii} Aghako 3070
{Xylopia quintasii} Pepper Negro 3070
{Xymalos monospora} Bogabog 990

******Z******
16

{Zanthoxylum davyi} Knobwood 2210
{Zanthoxylum flavum} Satinwood Jamaican 1820
{Zanthoxylum flavum} Yellowheart 1820
{Zanthoxylum gilletii} Mahogany African White 1290
{Zanthoxylum gilletii} Satinwood African 1290
{Zanthoxylum leprieurii} Sand Knobwood 860
{Zanthoxylum regnelianum} Maminha De Porca 1150
{Zanthoxylum rhetsa} Cabrit 700
{Zanthoxylum rhetsa} Crocodile Wood 700
{Zanthoxylum rhoifolium} Hualaja 800
{Zelkova serrata} Elm Japanese 1040
{Zelkova serrata} Keyaki 1040
{Zizyphus itacaiunensis} Maria Preta 3680
{Zollernia paraensis} Blackheart - Pau Santo 3280
{Zollernia paraensis} Coracao De Negro - Pau Santo 3280
{Zollernia paraensis} Pau Santo 3280

Converter: Pounds Of Force To
Kilograms Of Force, Kilonewtons & Newtons

Links To Other Janka Hardness Scale/Chart Pages
Alphabetically Botanical/Scientific Name
Alphabetically Common/Trade Name
Numerically Softest To Hardest

Alphabetically By Botanical/Scientific Name A - D

Alphabetically By Botanical/Scientific Name E - O

Alphabetically By Common/Trade Name A - E

Alphabetically By Common/Trade Name F - M

Alphabetically By Common/Trade Name N - Z

Numerically From Softest To Hardest Up To 1050

Numerically From Softest To Hardest 1051 - 2000

Numerically From Softest To Hardest 2001 - 5100

Acknowledgements, References & Resources

35 Little Known Wood Species
Center Utilization & Products Forest Foundation {CUPROFOR}
Republic Of Honduras, Central America

Amazonian Center For Forest Enterprise Development {CADEFOR}
Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Basic Density Of Wood By Species - 1996
National Institute For Research In The Amazon {INPA}
Philip M. Fearnside
Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Balsa Species Information
MultiForestal - La Chorrera, Panama - Republic Of Panama

Common & Botanical Names Of Woods
Original Approach, LLC - Windsor, Colorado, United States

Complete Index Of Common Names - 1989
Supplement To Tropical Timbers Of The World
Nancy Ross

Database Of Australian Aboriginal Timbers Johan Kamminga - 2002
Australian Institute Of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Studies {AIATSIS}
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Database Of Brazilian Woods
Brazilian Institute Of Environment & Renewable Natural Resources {IBAMA}
Brasília, Brazil

Density {Kg/m3} Of Woods By Common Name
Institute National Of Technology Industrial {INTI}
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Elsevier's Dictionary Of Trees - 2005
Miroslav M. Grandtner
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

Gottstein Fellowship Report - 2007
Evaluation Of Australian Timbers For Use In Musical Instruments
Andrew Morrow - Clayton South, Victoria, Australia

Guide To Irish Hardwoods - 2004
National Council For Forest Research & Development {COFORD}
Gordon Knaggs & Stella Xenopoulou
Belfield, Dublin, Ireland

H. G. Richter & M. J. Dallwitz
Commercial Timber Descriptions & Information
In English, French, German, Portuguese & Spanish - June 2009

Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom

Lesser Known Timber Species Of Vietnam
Vietnamese - German Forestry Program
Tay Ho District - Hanoi, Vietnam

MADERASUDAMERICA Trade Office In Tropical Timber
Technical Data Sheets
San Adrian, Navarra, Spain

Mechanical Properties Of Bamboos - 2003
Aerospace Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, India

Mechanical Strength Properties Of 10 Ghanaian Lesser Used Species - 2009
Forestry Research Institute Of Ghana Council For Scientific & Industrial Research
Kumasi, Ghana West Africa

Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database {MMPND}
The University Of Melbourne
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Present & Potential Commercial Timbers Of The Caribbean - 1962
With Special Reference To
The West Indies, The Guianas & British Honduras
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station
Franklin R. Longwood - Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, United States

Properties Of African Woods - Brenco Exotic Woods
Hammond, Indiana, United States

Properties Of Cocowood - 2010
Australian Centre For International Agricultural Research {ACIAR} Bruce ACT, Australia
& Department Of Employment, Economic Development & Innovation {DEEDI}
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

Properties Of Imported Tropical Woods - 1969
U.S. Department Of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory
Madison, Wisconsin, United States

PROSEA - Plant Resources Of South East Asia
Juanda, Bogor, Indonesia

Prospect - The Wood Database - Version 2.1 - 1996
Developed To Encourage The Sustainable Use Of The World's Timber Species
World Conservation Monitoring Centre {WCMC}
Cambridge, United Kingdom

PROTA - Plant Resources Of Tropical Africa
Wageningen, Netherlands

Solomon Island Timber Species
Papua New Guinea Forest Industries Association Inc
Waigani, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea

South American Hardwoods Tree & Wood Characteristics
Beach Shack - Island Harbour, Anguilla, British West Indies

TAXA Wood Knowledge Base
Bill Mudry - Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

Technical Data Sheet - Species, Properties & Uses - 2004
Timber Queensland Limited
Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

The Book Of Wood Names - 2000
Dr. Hans Meyer

The Plant List

The Wood Explorer CD - Version 2.0 - 2006
New York City, New York, United States

The Woods Of Liberia - 1959
U.S. Department Of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory
Botanist - Jeannette M. Kyrn
Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Timberexchange B.V.
Wood Species
Vught, Netherlands

Timber Hardness & Durability
Timber Merchants Association {TMA}
Blackburn, Victoria, Australia

Timber Species & Properties - 2004
National Association Of Forest Industries - Australia
Deakin West, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

TROPIX - Version 6.0 - 2008
Tropical Wood Production & Processing Research Unit
Main Characteristics Of 245 Tropical & Temperate Species
By Cirad - Montpellier, France

Wood Basic Densities Of Tropical Tree Species - 1992
U.S. Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Southern Forest Experiment Station & Institute Of Tropical Forestry
Gisel Reyes, Sandra Brown, Jonathan Chapman & Ariel E. Lugo
New Orleans, Louisiana, United States

Wood Flooring International {WFI} - Species List
Pennsauken, New Jersey, United States

Wood Properties Technical Sheets - Tropical Hardwoods
U.S. Department Of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory
Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Wood Species Density Database
World Agroforestry Centre
Nairobi, Kenya, Africa

Wood Testing Program 1971
The Wood Technology Laboratory
Luis Llach Cordero
Turrialba, Costa Rica

Woods From Peru - A Catalog Of Peru's Lesser Known Timber Species
World Wildlife Fund {WWF} - Lima, Peru
& Global Forest & Trade Network {GFTN} - Washington DC, United States

World Dictionary Of Trees - 2004
Wood & Forest Sciences Department
Miroslav M. Grandtner
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

World Of Wood {WOW} Magazines
Published By The International Wood Collectors Society {IWCS}

Zipcode Zoo

Presentation 8Th. Grade Shop Class

ArtsCad.com Gallery - Johnny {JW} Morlan's Gallery On ArtsCad.com

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Story: What Started Me Collecting Wood

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