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The Janka Hardness Scale was invented in 1906 by Gabriel Janka {1864 - 1932}, an Austrian wood researcher and is an adaptation of the Brinell Hardness Test for metals. The Janka Hardness Test measures how hard wood/lumber is. The higher the number the harder the wood.
It is probably the best way to determine how durable a particular wood species is; just how easy or difficult it will dent, ding, mar, scratch and wear. This is extremely important if you are using solid wood for certain applications such as interior flooring, exterior decking, stair treads, countertops, tabletops and desktops .
It is very important to percussion instrument makers {drums etc}, woodwind instrument makers {flutes etc} and stringed instrument makers Luthier's {guitars etc} because a certain hardness produces a particular distintive tone, the harder the wood the sharper the tone that it will produce. Also with Luthier's certain parts such as necks and bridges are made from a certain hardness of wood.
It is also a very good indicator of how easy or difficult a particular wood species will be to nail, screw, saw, plane, route, carve and work in general.
The results of the original test were indicated in units of pressure required to drive in a steel ball with a diameter of 11.28 millimeters {0.444 inches} into the wood to half its diameter. This procedure was chosen so that the result would leave an indentation of exactly 100 square millimeters {0.16 square inches} in size. When the American Society for Testing and Materials {ASTM} standardized the test in 1927 it called for the results to be indicated in units of force.
Now in the English measurement system, the result is indicated in pounds of force {lbf}, in the Metric measurement system, the result is indicated in kilograms of force {kgf) and in Australia the result is indicated in newtons {N} or kilonewtons {kN}.
The hardness of wood/lumber usually varies with the direction of the wood grain. When testing is done on the surface {face side} of a board, with the force applied perpendicular to the grain, the test is of side hardness. The standard sample used is a clear {no knots} solid block of wood having the dimensions of 2" x 2" x 6" long. Two indentations are made on the tangential face and two indentations on the radial face. The four indentations are then added together and divided by 4 to get the average value of the force, with the result being declared as the side hardness.
Any particular wood species will deviate in hardness from one piece of wood/lumber to another. The below numbers are an average side hardness with the wood at 12% moisture content. Most pieces of wood/lumber in the same specie will be plus or minus 10% of the below numbers. The wood/lumber around knots, burls and wood/lumber less than 12% moisture content will be harder than the numbers indicated below. | ||
2 - Ambatch {Aeschynomene elaphroxylon} 70 3 - Balsa {Ochroma pyramidale} 88 4 - Apple Pond {Annona glabra} 94 5 - Ceiba {Ceiba pentandra} 240 5 - Okoumé {Aucoumea klaineana} 240 6 - Duru {Apeiba aspera} 250 6 - Sterculia New Guinea {Sterculia conwentzii} 250 7 - Fig Cape {Ficus sur} 260 8 - Paulownia {Paulownia elongata} 290 - Softest Wood In United States 8 - Thitpok {Tetrameles nudiflora} 290 9 - Cottonwood {Populus balsamifera} 300 9 - Malakalumpang {Sterculia ceramica} 300 10 - Brazilian Fire Tree (Schizolobium parahybum) 310 Afirifiriwa {Cleistopholis patens} 320 Akikagba {Discoglypremna caloneura} 320 Aprokuma {Antrocaryon micraster} 320 Baru Bukit {Endospermum malaccense} 320 Cedar Japanese {Cryptomeria japonica} 320 Cedar White Northern {Thuja occidentalis} 320 Corkwood African {Musanga cecropioides} 320 Fir European Silver {Abies alba} 320 Kumbi {Lannea welwitschii} 320 Monkey Puzzle Tree {Araucaria araucana} 320 Nut Tree African {Ricinodendron heudelotii} 320 Pine Jelecote {Pinus patula} 320 Trumpet Wood {Cecropia peltata} 320 Cananga {Canangium odoratum} 330 Terentang {Campnosperma auriculata} 330 Amberoi {Pterocymbium beccarii} 350 Aspen Quaking {Populus tremuloides} 350 Buckeye Yellow {Aesculus octandra} 350 Castanha De Cutia {Acioa edulis} 350 Cedar Red Western {Thuja plicata} 350 Cedar White Atlantic {Chamaecyparis thyoides} 350 Copaia {Jacaranda copaia} 350 Cottonwood Black {Populus trichocarpa} 350 Fir Subalpine {Abies lasiocarpa} 350 Binuang {Octomeles sumatrana} 360 Mastate {Poulsenia armata} 360 Willow Black {Salix nigra} 360 Gumbo Limbo {Bursera simaruba} 370 Waciwaci {Sterculia vitiensis} 370 Alder Grey {Alnus nepalensis} 380 Cuangare {Dialyanthera iryanthera} 380 Milkwood Grey {Cerbera dilatata} 380 Pine Eastern White {Pinus strobus} 380 Pine Sugar {Pinus lambertiana} 380 Bombax {Bombax brevicuspe} 390 Jelutong {Dyera costulata} 390 Spruce Engelmann {Picea engelmanni} 390 Cedar Central American {Cedrela mexicana} 400 Chicha {Sterculia apetala} 400 Fir Balsam {Abies balsamea} 400 Alstonia {Alstonia congensis} 410 Basswood American {Tilia americana} 410 Fir Noble {Abies procera} 410 Horsfieldia {Horsfieldia irya} 410 Stool Wood {Alstonia boonei} 410 20 - Aspen Bigtooth {Populus grandidentata} 420 20 - Huahuan {Laurelia serrata} 420 20 - Jobo {Spondias mombin} 420 20 - Orey {Campnosperma panamensis} 420 20 - Pine Western White {Pinus monticola} 420 20 - Redwood Second Growth {Sequoia sempervirens} 420 Alder Andean {Alnus acuminata} 430 Fir Pacific Silver {Abies amabilis} 430 Obeche {Triplochiton scleroxylon} 430 Pine King Billy {Athrotaxis selaginoides} 430 Pine Limber {Pinus flexilis} 430 Poplar {Populus deltoides} 430 Poplar Bangikat {Populus ciliata} 430 Marupa {Simarouba amara} 440 Batai {Albizia falcataria} 450 Cheesewood White {Alstonia scholaris} 450 Milkwood Northern Territory {Alstonia actinophylla} 450 Cypress Mexican {Cupressus lustianica} 460 Lampati {Duabanga moluccana} 460 Meranti Light Red {Shorea parvifolia} 460 Pine Ponderosa {Pinus ponderosa} 460 Pulai {Alstonia angustiloba} 460 Barrenillo {Mortoniodendron anisophylum} 470 Cedar Incense {Libocedrus decurrens} 470 Espave {Anacardium excelsum} 470 Figueira Purgante {Ficus insipida} 470 Pine Baltic White {Picea abies} 470 Cedar Red {Cedrela fissillis} 480 Fir White {Abies concolor} 480 Pine Lodgepole {Pinus contorta} 480 Redwood Old Growth {Sequoia sempervirens} 480 Spruce White {Picea glauca} 480 Butternut {Juglans cinerea} 490 Fir Grand {Abies grandis} 490 Spruce Red {Picea rubra} 490 Antiaris {Antiaris toxicaria} 500 Fir California Red {Abies magnifica} 500 Hemlock Eastern {Tsuga Canadensis} 500 Pine Jeffrey {Pinus jeffreyi} 500 Banak {Virola koschnyi} 510 Fir Douglas Interior South {Pseudotsuga menziesii} 510 Serebo {Schizolobium parahyba} 510 Spruce Sitka {Picea sitchensis} 510 30 - Burra Leiteira {Sapium marmieri} 520 30 - Guanacaste {Enterolobium cyclocarpum} 520 30 - San Juan Peludo {Vochysia guatemalensis} 520 30 - Spruce Black {Picea mariana} 520 Angelica Tree Venezuelan {Dendropanax arboreus} 530 Fava Bolota {Parkia gigantocarpa} 530 Pine Klinki {Araucaria hunsteinii} 530 Achung {Duabanga grandiflora} 540 Baboonwood {Virola surinamensis} 540 Chestnut American {Castanea dentata} 540 Hemlock Western {Tsuga heterophylla} 540 Poplar Yellow {Liriodendron tulipifera} 540 Catalpa Northern {Catalpa speciosa} 550 Catalpa Southern {Catalpa bignonioides} 550 Hura {Hura crepitans} 550 Alerce {Fitzroya cupressoides} 560 Pine Red {Pinus resinosa} 560 Cypress Bald {Taxcodium distichum} 570 Pine Lack {Pinus banksiana} 570 Cedar Alaska {Chamaecyparis nootkatensis} 580 37 - Alder Red {Alnus rubra} 590 37 - Cordia West African {Cordia millenii} 590 37 - Larch Eastern {Larix laricina} 590
The name Ironwood is actually a slang term given to the hardest wood of an area, region or country. There are over 80 species of wood/lumber/timber in the world, referred to or having the word Ironwood in their names.
My definition of Ironwood is any wood/lumber/timber that is so heavy it sinks in water. In order for wood/lumber/timber to sink in water the specific gravity has to be over 1.00, the Janka Hardness has to be approximately 2900 or more, or weigh over 62 pounds 6 1/2 ounces per cubic foot {lbs/ft3} or weigh over 3 pounds 14 1/2 ounces per board foot {dressed out} 12" x 12" x 3/4" thick.
Wood/lumber/timber can weigh as little as 2 pounds 8 ounces per cubic foot {lbs/ft3}, 2 1/2 ounces per board foot {dressed out} 12" x 12" x 3/4" thick to over 93 pounds per cubic foot {lbs/ft3}, 5 pounds 13 ounces per board foot {dressed out} 12" x 12" x 3/4" thick.
1 - * Lignum Vitae - Tree Of Life {Guaiacum officinale} 4500 1 - * Waddy Wood {Acacia peuce} 4500 2 - * Mgurure {Combretum schumanii} 4430 3 - * Lignum Vitae - Holywood {Guaiacum sanctum} 4400 - Hardest Wood In United States 3 - * Red Bauhinia {Lysiphyllum carronii} 4400 4 - * Tubi - Blackwood Solomon - Ebony Queen {Xanthostemon melanoxylon} 4370 5 - * Knob Thorn {Acacia nigrescens} 4290 6 - * Gidgee {Acacia cambagei} 4270 7 - * Tiga {Tristania decorticata} 4260 8 - * Baraúna {Schinopsis brasiliensis/glabra} 4200 9 - * Snakewood Australian {Acacia xiphophylla} 4150 9 - * Wattle Lakewood {Acacia enervia} 4150 10 - * Brown Spearwood {Acacia rhodoxylon} 4100 * Gimlet {Eucalyptus salubris} 4090 * Blackwood African {Dalbergia melanoxylon} 4050 * Wattle Australian Ironwood {Acacia excelsa} 4050 * Jutahy {Dialium guianense} 4000 * Lignum Vitae Argentine {Bulnesia sarmientoi} 4000 Note: Not related to #1 or #3 Lignum Vitae * Verawood {Bulnesia arborea} 4000 Note: Related to but different from above * Blackbutt Dundas {Eucalyptus dundasii} 3960 * Miraúba {Mouriri callocarpa} 3960 * Ebony Brown {Libidibia paraguariensis} 3900 * Curupay {Piptadenia macrocarpa} 3840 * Morrel Red {Eucalyptus longicornis} 3840 * Ebony Red {Erythrophleum chlorostachys} 3820 * Mulga {Acacia aneura} 3820 * Snakewood {Piratinera guianensis} 3800 * Urucurana {Sloanea nitida} 3720 20 - * Olivewood Brazilian {Ferreirea spectabilis} 3700 * Ebony Brazilian {Swartzia tomentosa} 3690 * Ipe {Tabebula serratifolia} 3680 * Maria Preta {Zizyphus itacaiunensis} 3680 * Leadwood {Krugiodendron ferreum} 3660 * Momoqui {Caesalpinia pluviosa} 3660 * Sapote {Licania sparsipilis} 3570 * Wawra {Combretum imberbe} 3570 * Orosi {Dipteryx panamensis} 3540 * Shihuahuaco {Dipteryx micranta} 3540 * Teak Brazilian {Dipteryx odorata} 3540 * Katalox {Swartzia cubensis} 3510 * Jarána {Holopyxidium jarana} 3500 * Redwood - Boongul {Eucalyptus transcontinetalis} 3500 * Desert Oak Australian {Acacia coriacea} 3480 * Gum Salmon {Eucalyptus salmonophloia} 3480 * Uxirana {Vantanea parviflora} 3470 30 - * Cachaporra Do Gentio {Terminalia argentea} 3460 30 - * Macucu Branco {Licania oblongifolia} 3460 30 - * Morrel Black {Eucalyptus melanoxylon} 3460 * Umzimbeet {Millettia grandis} 3450 * Cabreúva Parda {Myrocarpus frondosus} 3440 * Box Bimble {Eucalyptus populnea} 3390 * Box Grey {Eucalyptus microcarpa} 3370 * Box Red {Eucalyptus intertexta} 3370 * Mallet Brown {Eucalyptus astringens} 3370 * Wandoo {Eucalyptus wandoo} 3370 * Angelim Rajado {Marmaroxylon racemosum} 3350 * Azobe {Lophira alata} 3350 * Blackwood Burmese {Dalbergia cultrata} 3350 * Rosewood Kingwood {Dalbergia cearensis} 3340 * Caraiperana {Licania gracilipes} 3330 * Casca Preciosa {Aniba canelilla} 3310 * Buddah {Eremophila mitchellii} 3280 * Pau Santo {Zollernia paraensis} 3280 40 - * Muirapixuna {Cassia scleroxylon} 3270 * Abiu Pitomba {Pouteria egregia} 3260 * Ebony Macassar {Diospyrus celebica} 3250 * Angelim Vermelho {Dinizia excelsa} 3220 * Boxwood Hickory Australian {Planchonella euphlebia} 3220 * Ebony Ceylon {Diospyros ebenum} 3220 * Muirapiranga {Brosimum acutifolium} 3220 * Rosadinho {Pouteria anomala} 3220 * Casuarina {Casuarina equisetifolia} 3200 * Mahogany Mountain {Cercocarpus ledifolius} 3200 * Beefwood {Manilkara bidentata} 3190 * Rata Southern {Metrosideros lucida} 3180 * Rosewood East Indian {Dalbergia latifolia} 3170 * Cuchi {Astronium urundeuva} 3150 * Gum Grey {Eucalyptus propinqua} 3150 * Ironbark Grey {Eucalyptus paniculata} 3150 * Ironbark Red Broadleaved {Eucalyptus fibrosa} 3150 * Ironbark Red Narrowleaved {Eucalyptus crebra} 3150 * Myall Weeping {Acacia pendula} 3150 * Rata Northern {Metrosideros robusta} 3150 * Sheoak Rose {Casuarina torulosa} 3150 * Leopard Tree {Caesalpinia ferrea} 3140 50 - * Anoerá Ferro {Acioa lehmbachii} 3120 50 - * Cuerno De Ternero {Bucida macrostachya} 3120 50 - * South African Black Ironwood {Olea laurifolia} 3120 * Sapucaia {Lecythis pisonis} 3100 * Sonoran Desert Ironwood {Olneya tesota} 3080 * Barrote {Tetragastris panamensis} 3050 * Angelim Pedra {Hymenolobium petraeum} 3040 * Belian {Eusideroxylon zwageri} 3020 * Cuta {Phyllostylon rhamnoides} 3010 * Abiurana {Couepia robusta} 3000 * Angico {Parapiptadenia rigida} 3000 * Chin Chan {Dalbergia oliveri} 3000 * Rosewood Madagascar - Rosewood French {Dalbergia greveana} 3000 * Tamarind {Tamarindus indica} 3000 * Teak Rhodesian {Baikiaea plurijuga} 2990 * Cuiarana {Buchenavia grandis} 2980 60 - * Muhimbi {Cynometra alexandri} 2970 60 - * Tuturubá {Pouteria oblanceolata} 2970 * Aromata {Clathrotropis brachypetala} 2960 * Rosewood Cocobolo {Dalbergia retusa} 2960 * Uxi {Endopleura uchi} 2950 * Banga Wanga {Amblygonocarpus andongensis} 2940 * Cape Plane {Ochna arborea} 2940 * Mopane {Colophospermum mopane} 2940 * Nieshout {Ptaeroxylon obliquum} 2940 * Pracuúba Da Terra Firme {Trichilia lecointei} 2940 * Tambootie {Spirostachys africana} 2940 * Missanda {Erythrophleum ivorense} 2930 * Bloodwood Brown {Eucalyptus trachypholia} 2920 * Box Grey Coast {Eucalyptus bosistoana} 2920 * Box Yellow {Eucalyptus melliodora} 2920 * Ironbark Red {Eucalyptus sideroxylon} 2920 * Leopardwood Australian {Flindersia maculosa} 2920 * Sasswood Tree {Erythrophleum suaveolens} 2920 * Bloodwood {Brosimum rubescens} 2900 * Kaneelhart {Licaria canella} 2900 * Pau Branco {Drypetes variabilis} 2900 67 - Chestnut Indian Rose {Mesua ferrea} 2890 67 - Manbarklak {Eschweilera sagotiana} 2890 | ||
a great service to those of us in wood related industries! Fred - British Columbia, Canada
By Common/Trade Name By Common/Trade Name
Listed In Numerical Order From Softest To Hardest
Listed Alphabetically By Botanical/Scientific Name
Johnny W. Morlan
I created this Janka Hardness Scale/Chart because in my own experiences of searching for the Janka Hardness of different woods it took some time of searching on the WWW to find the information, the hardness was different from different sources, the botanical/scientific names were only partially listed, not listed at all or in some instances incorrect. I also thought it would be nice to have them listed all together in one spot.
There are countless hours of research that have gone into this page to get the results as accurate as possible. I am still doing research and will be updating the page frequently.
I give permission to link to this page from other websites and forums. The URL address for this page is http://www.morlanwoodgifts.com/MM011.ASP?pageno=207 If you copy some of the information to put on a website or forum, all that I ask of you is to acknowledge me as the author. I hope the information will be of value and helpful to others.
You are more than welcome to use the converters below from pounds of force {lbf} to kilograms of force {kgf}, kilonewtons {kN} and newtons {N}.
Note 1: With wood/lumber as a general rule the more it weighs and the higher specific gravity it has the harder it is. Specific gravity/weight and hardness with some wood/lumber species are different.
Wood/lumber species that are oily are not as hard sometimes as the specific gravity/weight indicates they are. This is because the oil mixed in with the wood fibers makes the wood heavy but yet in a compression test such as Janka makes the wood softer. An example would be Waddy Wood {Acacia peuce}, its average specific gravity is 1.43 but it only has a Janka Hardness of 4500 the same as Lignum Vitae {Guaiacum officinale}.
Wood/lumber species that have more lignum cells sometimes are harder than the specific gravity/weight indicates they are. An example would be Belah {Casuarina cristata}, its average specific gravity is only 1.15 but it has a Janka Hardness of 4500 just as hard as Lignum Vitae {Guaiacum officinale}.
Note 2: Some particular species of wood/lumber do have and are sold by more than just one common/trade name. An example would be, Bloodwood, Cardinal Wood and Satine, botanical/scientific name {Brosimum rubescens}, Janka hardness 2900.
Note 3: It does not occur very often but two completely different species of wood/lumber can have and be sold by the same common/trade name. An example would be, botanical/scientific name {Gleditsia triacanthos}, Janka hardness 1580 and botanical/scientific name {Prosopis glandulosa}, Janka hardness 2340. Both are sold under the common/trade name of Locust Honey.
Kilograms Of Force, Kilonewtons & Newtons
To use converter, type in a number in the top Pounds Force {lbf} box. All numbers are in pounds of force {lbf} on this page. The converted result will automatically appear in the Kilograms Force {kgf} box, Kilonewtons {kN} box and the Newtons {N} box.
Lesser Known In The International Lumber Market
Abiu Pitomba {Pouteria egregia} 3260 Abiurana {Couepia robusta} 3000 Abiurana Balatarana {Micropholis guyanensis} 2060 Abiurana Branca {Franchetella gongripii} 2620 Abiurana Seca {Diploon venezuelana} 2660 Açoita Cavalo {Lueheopsis duckeana} 2140 Amapá Amargoso {Parahancornia amapa} 1190 Amapá Doce {Brosimum parinarioides} 1620 Amescla {Trattinnickia burseraefolia} 1150 Andirá Uxi {Andira retusa} 2170 Angelim Amargoso {Vatairea sericea} 1720 Angelim Rajado {Marmaroxylon racemosum} 3350 Angelim Saia {Parkia pendula} 1200 Angelim Vermelho {Dinizia excelsa} 3220 Angico Jacaré {Piptadenia gonoacantha} 1620 Anoerá Ferro {Acioa lehmbachii} 3120 Arapari {Macrolobium acacifolium} 1480 Araracanga {Aspidosperma desmanthum} 2080 Aroeira {Astronium gracile} 1850 Axixá {Sterculia apeibophylla} 920 Barrote {Tetragastris panamensis} 3050 Breu {Protium heptaphyllum} 1000 Breu Preto {Protium tenuifolium} 2020 Burra Leiteira {Sapium marmieri} 520 Cabreúva Parda {Myrocarpus frondosus} 3440 Cachaporra Do Gentio {Terminalia argentea} 3460 Cajuaçu {Anacardium giganteum} 820 Cajuí {Anacardium tenuifolium} 860 Camaçari {Caraipa densifolia} 1950 Canafístula {Cassia fastuosa} 2750 Caraipé {Licania octandra} 2740 Caraiperana {Licania gracilipes} 3330 Casca Preciosa {Aniba canelilla} 3310 Castanha De Arara {Joannesia heveoides} 860 Castanha De Cutia {Acioa edulis} 350 Castanheira {Bertholletia excelsa} 1810 Caucho {Castilla ulei} 610 Cauchorana {Micrandra minor} 1020 Cedrorama {Cedrelinga catenaeformis} 950 Cerejeira {Amburana acreana} 1150 Cuiarana {Buchenavia grandis} 2980 Embira {Rollinia exsucca} 1190 Embira Branca {Guatteria olivacea} 1300 Embira Preta {Onychopetalum amazonicum} 1500 Espinheiro Preto {Acacia polyphylla} 1550 Fava Bolota {Parkia gigantocarpa} 530 Fava Branca {Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum} 1640 Faveira Amargosa {Vatairea guianensis} 1650 Figueira Purgante {Ficus insipida} 470 Glícia {Glycydendron amazonicum} 1920 Ingá {Inga alba} 1900 Ingá De Porco {Macrosamanea pedicellaris} 1070 Leiteiro {Sapium aereum} 610 Louro Faia {Roupala montana} 2150 Louro Mamorim {Ocotea barcellensis} 1210 Louro Vermelho {Nectandra rubra} 750 Maçaranduba {Manilkara amazonica} 1950 Maçarandubarana {Chrysophyllum prieurii} 2670 Macucu Branco {Licania oblongifolia} 3460 Maminha De Porca {Zanthoxylum regnelianum} 1150 Mandioqueira {Qualea paraensis} 1320 Mandioqueira Aspera {Qualea albiflora} 1860 Maragonçalo {Pouteria obscura} 2260 Maria Preta {Zizyphus itacaiunensis} 3680 Melancieira {Alexa grandiflora} 1690 Miraúba {Mouriri callocarpa} 3960 Morototó Da Mata {Schefflera morototoni} 1080 Muirajibóia Amarela {Swartzia recurva} 2830 Muirapixuna {Cassia scleroxylon} 3270 Muiratinga {Maquira sclerophylla} 1860 Mururé {Brosimum acutifolium} 3220 Pau Branco {Drypetes variabilis} 2900 Pau De Jangada {Apeiba echinata} 860 Pau Jacaré {Laetia procera} 2400 Pau Santo {Zollernia paraensis} 3280 Pequiarana {Caryocar glabrum} 1800 Pinho Cuiabano {Schizolobium amazonicum} 1010 Pracuúba Da Terra Firme {Trichilia lecointei} 2940 Quaruba Cedro {Vochysia maxima} 1230 Quarubatinga {Vochysia guianensis} 1750 Rosadinho {Pouteria anomala} 3220 Roxinho {Peltogyne subsessilis} 2870 Seringarana {Micrandra rossiana} 2500 Seru {Allantoma lineata} 1110 Sorva {Malouetia duckei} 1830 Sumaúma Da Terra Firme {Eriotheca longipedicellata} 1390 Tamboril {Enterolobium maximum} 870 Taxi {Tachigali myrmecophila} 940 Taxi Branco {Tachigali cavipes} 1020 Taxi Pitomba {Sclerolobium chrysophyllum} 1720 Taxi Preto {Sclerolobium paraense} 2410 Tento {Ormosia coccinea} 1680 Tuturubá {Pouteria oblanceolata} 2970 Ucuúba {Virola multicostata} 720 Ucuubarana {Iryanthera grandis} 1160 Urucu Da Mata {Bixa arborea} 870 Urucurana {Sloanea nitida} 3720 Uxi {Endopleura uchi} 2950 Uxirana {Vantanea parviflora} 3470 Virola {Virola michelii} 1480 Xixá {Sterculia pilosa} 1400 Ziquita {Tachigali multijuga} 1310
69
Aben {Berlinia grandiflora} 1360 Abiu Pitomba {Pouteria egregia} 3260 Abiurana {Couepia robusta} 3000 Abiurana Balatarana {Micropholis guyanensis} 2060 Abiurana Branca {Franchetella gongripii} 2620 Abiurana Seca {Diploon venezuelana} 2660 Abo {Uapaca guineensis} 990 Aboga {Mimusops lacera} 2730 Abu Leile {Detarium senegalense} 1330 Abura {Mitragyna ciliata} 780 Acacia Black {Acacia decurrens} 2250 Acacia Mangium {Acacia mangium} 1750 Acacia Red {Acacia seyal} 1920 Acacia White Bark {Acacia leucophloea} 2400 Acapu {Vouacapoua americana} 1730 Aceituno {Simarouba glauca} 840 Aceituno - Fiddlewood {Vitex gaumeri} 1160 Achung {Duabanga grandiflora} 540 Açoita Cavalo {Lueheopsis duckeana} 2140 Adansawa {Chrysophyllum albidum} 1660 Adjouaba {Dacryodes klaineana} 1540 Afam {Parinari excelsa} 1720 Afara Black - Idigbo {Terminalia ivorensis} 840 Afara Black - Dark {Terminalia superba} 730 Afara White - Light {Terminalia superba} 730 Afina {Strombosia glaucescens} 2780 Afirifiriwa {Cleistopholis patens} 320 African Celtis {Celtis mildbraedii} 1530 Afromosia {Pericopsis elata} 1560 Afrormosia East African {Pericopsis angolensis} 2390 Afzelia {Afzelia africana} 1810 Agba {Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum} 740 Aghako {Xylopia quintasii} 1660 Aguacatillo {Persea caerulea} 990 Akaba {Tetraberlinia bifoliolata} 990 Akikagba {Discoglypremna caloneura} 320 Akumaba {Nesogordonia papaverifera} 2140 Akwa {Pometia pinnata} 1460 Albarco {Cariniana integrifolia} 1140 Albizia West African - Iatandza {Albizia ferruginea} 1060 Albizia West African - Nongo {Albizia zygia} 980 Alcornoque {Mora megistosperma} 1660 Alder Andean {Alnus acuminata} 430 Alder European {Alnus glutinosa} 650 Alder Grey {Alnus nepalensis} 380 Alder Red {Alnus rubra} 590 Alerce {Fitzroya cupressoides} 560 Almaciga {Agathis alba} 780 Almácigo {Bursera simaruba} 370 Almendro {Terminalia amazonia} 1850 Almendro - Orosi {Dipteryx panamensis} 3540 Alone {Bombax brevicuspe} 390 Alstonia {Alstonia congensis} 410 Amapá Amargoso {Parahancornia amapa} 1190 Amapá Doce {Brosimum parinarioides} 1620 Amaranth - South American {Peltogyne paniculata} 2710 Amarela {Clarisia racemosa} 1400 Amazakoue {Guibourtia ehie} 1330 Ambatch {Aeschynomene elaphroxylon} 70 Amberoi {Pterocymbium beccarii} 350 Amboyna {Pterocarpus indicus} 1200 Amburana {Amburana cearensis} 790 Amendoim {Pterogyne nitens} 1910 Amescla {Trattinnickia burseraefolia} 1150 Amoora {Amoora cucullata} 890 Anan {Fagraea fragrans} 2120 Ana Tree {Faidherbia albida} 980 Andirá Uxi {Andira retusa} 2170
67
Andiroba {Carapa guianensis} 1220
64
Baboonwood {Virola surinamensis} 540
70
Black Bark {Diospyros abyssinica} 1280
49
Cabreúva Parda {Myrocarpus frondosus} 3440
46
Cedar Japanese {Cryptomeria japonica} 320
48
Chickrassy {Chukrasia tabularis} 1320 | ||
23
Dahoma {Piptadeniastrum africanum} 1540 Dakua Salusalu {Decussocarpus vitiensis} 620 Danta - Akumaba {Nesogordonia papaverifera} 2140 Danta - Kamema {Nesogordonia kabingaensis} 1940 Darah Darah {Myristica buchneriana} 1020 Degame {Calycophyllum candidissimum} 1940 Denya {Cylicodiscus gabunensis} 2780 Desert Oak Australian {Acacia coriacea} 3480 Determa {Ocotea rubra} 660 Diesel Tree {Copaifera langsdorfii} 2480 Difou {Morus mesozygia} 2400 Djedoe {Sclerolobium albiflorum} 700 Dogwood Australian {Acacia coriacea} 3480 Dogwood Flowering {Cornus florida} 2150 Don Juan {Huertea cubensis} 680 Douka {Tieghemella africana} 1110 Doussie {Afzelia africana} 1810 Duabankye {Dialium aubrevillei} 2400 Dundu {Macaranga kilimandscharica} 900 Dungon {Tarrietia sylvatica} 2850 Durian {Durio zibethinus} 680 Duru {Apeiba aspera} 250
40
Ebo {Dipteryx odorata} 3540
25
Fava Bolota {Parkia gigantocarpa} 530
52
Gaboon {Aucoumea klaineana} 240
25
Hackberry {Celtis occidentalis} 880
20
Iatandza {Albizia ferruginea} 1060
17
Jaboty {Erisma uncinatum} 940
55
Kadam {Anthocephalus chinensis} 600 | ||
To use converter, type in a number in the top Pounds Force {lbf} box. All numbers are in pounds of force {lbf} on this page. The converted result will automatically appear in the Kilograms Force {kgf} box, Kilonewtons {kN} box and the Newtons {N} box.
49
Lacewood South American {Roupala brasiliensis} 840 Lampati {Duabanga moluccana} 460 Lancewood Burma {Homalium foetidum} 2270 Lancewood West Indian {Oxandra lanceolata} 2830 Landa {Erythroxylum mannii} 970 Lapacho {Tabebula serratifolia} 3680 Larch Eastern {Larix laricina} 590 Larch European {Larix decidua} 740 Larch Japanese {Larix leptolepis} 600 Larch Siberian {Larix sibirica} 1100 Larch Western {Larix occidentalis} 830 Lati {Amphimas pterocarpoides} 990 Laurel Blanco {Cordia alliodora} 590 Laurel California {Umbellularia californica} 1270 Laurel Chilean {Laurelia sempervirens} 660 Laurel Indian {Terminalia tomentosa} 2220 Laurel Mountain {Kalmia latifolia} 1790 Leadwood {Krugiodendron ferreum} 3660 Lebombo Ironwood {Androstachys johnsonii} 2540 Leche Maria {Symphonia globulifera} 1120 Lechero {Sapium jermanni} 700 Leiteiro {Sapium aereum} 610 Lemonwood {Calycophyllum candidissimum} 1940 Leopard Tree {Caesalpinia ferrea} 3140 Leopardwood Australian {Flindersia maculosa} 2920 Leopardwood - Lacewood {Panopsis rubellens} 840 Leopardwood - Snakewood {Piratinera guianensis} 3800 Lignum Vitae {Guaiacum officinale} 4500 Lignum Vitae Argentine {Bulnesia sarmientoi} 4000 Lignum Vitae - Holywood {Guaiacum sanctum} 4400 Limba Black - Dark {Terminalia superba} 730 Limba White - Light {Terminalia superba} 730 Lime European {Tilia vulgaris} 700 Linden {Tilia vulgaris} 700 Lingue {Persea lingue} 940 Locust Black {Robinia pseudoacacia} 1710 Locust Honey {Gleditsia triacanthos} 1580 Locust Honey - Mesquite Honey {Prosopis glandulosa} 2340 Looking Glass Tree {Heritiera littoralis} 1710 Louro Faia {Roupala montana} 2150 Louro Mamorim {Ocotea barcellensis} 1210 Louro Preto {Ocotea neesiana} 1110 Louro Red {Ocotea rubra} 660 Louro Vermelho {Nectandra rubra} 750 Lovoa {Lovoa trichilioides} 940 Lovu Lovu {Cordia caffra} 2320 Lyptus Pink Hybrid {Eucalyptus grandis} - {Eucalyptus urophylla} 1420 Lyptus Red Hybrid {Eucalyptus grandis} - {Eucalyptus urophylla} 1800
53
Maçaranduba - Gararoba {Manilkara amazonica} 1950
49
Manzanita {Arbutus menziesii} 1460
53
Mgurure {Combretum schumanii} 4430
20
Nanciton {Hieronima alchorneoides} 1700
58
Oak African {Oldfieldia africana} 1990
56
Padauk African {Pterocarpus soyauxii} 1720 | ||
58
Pine Jelecote {Pinus patula} 320 Pine Khasya {Pinus kesiya} 720 Pine King Billy {Athrotaxis selaginoides} 430 Pine Klinki {Araucaria hunsteinii} 530 Pine Lack {Pinus banksiana} 570 Pine Limber {Pinus flexilis} 430 Pine Lodgepole {Pinus contorta} 480 Pine Maritime {Pinus pinaster} 610 Pine Merkus {Pinus merkusii} 620 Pine Monterey {Pinus radiata} 750 Pine Ocote {Pinus oocarpa} 910 Pine Parana {Araucaria angustifolia} 780 Pine Pinyon {Pinus edulis} 860 Pine Pitch {Pinus rigida} 620 Pine Pond {Pinus serotina} 740 Pine Ponderosa {Pinus ponderosa} 460 Pine Pumpkin {Pinus strobus} 380 Pine Red {Pinus resinosa} 560 Pine Sand {Pinus clausa} 730 Pine Scots {Pinus sylvestris} 660 Pine Scrub {Pinus virginiana} 740 Pine Slash {Pinus elliottii} 760 Pine Southern Yellow Loblolly {Pinus taeda} 690 Pine Southern Yellow Longleaf {Pinus palustris} 870 Pine Southern Yellow Shortleaf {Pinus echinata} 690 Pine Spruce {Pinus glabra} 660 Pine Sugar {Pinus lambertiana} 380 Pine Table Mountain {Pinus pungens} 660 Pine Virginia {Pinus virginiana} 740 Pine Western White {Pinus monticola} 420 Pinho Cuiabano {Schizolobium amazonicum} 1010 Pink Ivory Wood {Rhamnus zeyheri} 2320 Piojo {Tapirira guianensis} 720 Pipli {Bucklandia populnea} 1140 Piquia {Caryocar villosum} 1720 Plum Hog {Spondias mombin} 420 Pochote {Bombacopsis quinata} 720 Podo {Podocarpus neriifolia} 830 Poplar {Populus deltoides} 430 Poplar Balsam {Populus balsamifera} 300 Poplar Bangikat {Populus ciliata} 430 Poplar Yellow {Liriodendron tulipifera} 540 Pracuúba Da Terra Firme {Trichilia lecointei} 2940 Pradoo {Pterocarpus macrocarpus} 2170 Primavera {Cybistax donnell-smithii} 660 Pterygota {Pterygota macrocarpa} 950 Pulai {Alstonia angustiloba} 460 Pumaquiro {Aspidosperma macrocarpon} 1500 Punah {Tetramerista glabra} 910 Purpleheart Central American {Peltogyne venosa} 2030 Purpleheart Latin American {Peltogyne porphyrocardia} 2430 Purpleheart South American {Peltogyne paniculata} 2710 Putat Paya {Planchonia papuana} 1350 Putian {Alangium meyeri} 1720 Putumuju {Centrolobium paraense} 2000 Pyinkado {Xylia xylocarpa} 2250 Pyinma {Lagerstroemia speciosa} 1050
9
Quariuba {Erisma uncinatum} 940
49
Rain Tree {Samanea saman} 850
43
Saddlewood {Vatairea lundellii} 1420
42
Sipo {Entandrophragma utile} 1260
53
Tali {Erythrophleum suaveolens} 2920
16
Uakatan {Alphitonia zizyphoides} 1150
12
Vaca {Sloanea ligulata} 1390
34
Wacapou {Vouacapoua americana} 1730
3
Xixá {Sterculia pilosa} 1400
14
Yang {Dipterocarpus borneensis} 1490
6
Zapatero {Hieronyma alchorneoides} 1700
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